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Background/Case Studies: Twitter Social Media has grown in traction as a freely available worldwide platform for the real-time rapid dissemination of medical knowledge, a means of fostering engagement and building communities of practice. Twitter Space is a new live audio platform on Twitter. Like tweets, spaces are public and can be accessed by anyone, thus serving as another way to break traditional boundaries of accessing knowledge. In January 2022, Transfusion News developed a program on Twitter Space called #Blooducation Baristas with the goal of providing a venue for a small panel of experts to discuss an interesting and current topic. Here we share our early experiences using this innovative tool to advance transfusion medicine education. Study Design/Methods: Episodes are scheduled every eight weeks and are 30-min discussions using a questionand- answer format on a burgeoning transfusion medicine topic. Once the topic is designated, an investigation on the leading experts is considered and invited to partake in a panel discussion. Of those who do not have a Twitter account, detailed instructions are provided as well as virtual tutorials on navigating the platform. Once confirmed, a set of preformed questions are provided to the expert panelists. The episodes are advertised through the Transfusion News website, emails and Twitter posts from the moderators and speakers one to two weeks in advance of the sessions. Using email analytics, Tweepsmap and Twitter Analytics, engagement was captured on the following items: number of Twitter Space listeners, number of Tweet impressions, number of new Twitter followers, geographic location of Twitter engagement, and number of new email subscribers. Results/Findings: Over a three-month period, two #Blooducation Barista episodes have been aired on Twitter Space. The first episode took place on January 28, 2022 and covered the topic of COVID-19 convalescent plasma in the Omicron era. The second episode took place on March 25, 2022 and covered the topic of Paid Platelet Donors. Over three months, over 200 listeners attended the sessions from over three countries. The second episode generated three new email subscribers across three including United States, Canada and Qatar. Feedback from panelists included that the experience was "fun and easy" and well as a great opportunity to interact with other experts and discuss different points of view. Conclusion(s): The use of different tools offered by social media is a suitable and efficient strategy to bring experts together and reach out to a broad, international, and diverse audience about relevant and current topics. Additionally it provides another avenue for interactive engagement and reaching new subscribers by using a different platform to attract learners.
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We distill evidence about the effects of COVID-19 on companies. Stock price reactions to the shock differed greatly across firms, depending on their resilience to social distancing, financial flexibility, and corporate culture. The same characteristics affected the response of firms' sales, employment, and asset growth. Despite the shock, firms expanded their balance sheets and liquidity by raising funds from banks, bonds, and equity markets. While listed firms reduced their leverage, unlisted ones, especially small and medium enterprises, increased it. Government support programs helped firms access external funding. We conclude by identifying unexplored research issues regarding the long-run effects of COVID-19 on companies. (JEL: G11, G12, G13, G21, G24, G28, G32, G33, G35, G38, H81, H84) Received August 1, 2022;Editorial decision August 1, 2022 by editor Andrew Ellul.
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Introduction: Adolescence is defined as the period of a gradual transition between childhood and adulthood, with conceptually distinct physical changes marking puberty and maturation. Sleep is a critical aspect for overall well-being and healthy development across physical, behavioral, cognitive, academic, and psychosocial domains. This can pave the way to a new frontier for adolescent research, in which the dynamic interplay between sleep and multiple psychosocial aspects of adolescents’ life can explain long-term developmental outcomes. Thus, systematizing and assessing longitudinal research on this topic is required to understand both changes of sleep during adolescence and its complex over time relationship with psychosocial development. Material and methods: The first aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to identify all studies that evaluated longitudinally sleep quality, with standardized objective and/or subjective measures, in adolescence. The second aim is to evaluate the longitudinal interplay between sleep quality and psychosocial development in adolescents (particularly considering the domains of social experiences in multiple ecological contexts;identity processes and well-being outcomes). This work could lead to a better understanding of both changes in sleep quality during adolescence and its bidirectional link to psychosocial development. Pubmed;Psychinfo, PsycArticles, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus;ProQuest Dissertations and Theses;ERIC;GreyNet databases were systematically searched without publication period restriction until 23th of September 2021. Eligible studies had to: include adolescents from the general population aged between 10/11 to 18/19 years old;use a longitudinal design;report sleep quality-related outcomes as measured by objective and/or subjective standardized measures for at least two time-points. The corresponding author worked in pairs with another team member and independently screened at first the titles and s and then the full text against the eligibility criteria. Results: A total of 362 full-texts were screened and a final number of 250 studies were included. The inter-rater agreement between the first and other authors of the team that worked in pairs for the selection process was substantial. Of these studies, 163 evaluated the longitudinally sleep quality of adolescents over time and its connection to physical health;psychological and social wellbeing. 81 studies evaluated longitudinally the interplay between sleep quality and different ecological contexts and identity development of adolescents. Finally, 6 studies evaluated the change over time of sleep quality outcomes and its relationship with wellbeing, context and identity in adolescents before and after the pandemic due to the Covid-19 outbreak. Conclusion: Because of the broad scope of this project, the data can be used to examine a large variety of research questions. From this large selection of literature, different systematic reviews on different specific topics will be obtained. Particularly, our work will focus at first on systematically assessing the development and change over time of the sleep quality during the adolescence period. Furthermore, different works on the longitudinal interplay between sleep quality and physical health, different contexts and identity development will be systematically evaluated and presented. Acknowledgements: This work was conducted within the ERC-Consolidator project IDENTITIES (Grant Agreement n. 101002163).
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Using data on stocks held by individual investors at retail brokerage firm Robinhood, we document that these investors are actively engaged in both momentum and contrarian trading strategies. In response to the increased volatility and uncertainty in financial markets due to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020, we find that retail investors reduce momentum trading and increase contrarian trading activity during the initial phase of this crisis. We also find that the impact of Robinhood investors on several measures of market quality varied depending on market conditions, coinciding with better market quality during less-stressful periods and worse market quality during the early weeks of the pandemic in the U.S. © 2021 Elsevier Inc.
ABSTRACT
Background/Case Studies: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact upon transfusion services and blood collectors' operations. Study Design/Methods: The AABB submitted a weekly survey to 887 AABB institutional hospital members to capture information regarding blood and convalescent plasma (CCP) availability from the beginning of March through July 2020. Results/Findings: An average of 138 institutions from 39 states completed the survey. By March 31, 2020, 57% of institutions were alerted by their blood supplier about challenges in meeting inventory needs, in particular red blood cell (RBC) units. By mid-July, the number of institutions reporting inventory challenges decreased to 25%. Forty five percent of institutions implemented prospective audits of RBC and platelet orders. A minority of institutions limited the number of units in a massive transfusion protocol. Only 10% of institutions continued to perform elective surgeries through March and April, and 43% reported having increased wastage during this period secondary to cancelled procedures. Elective procedures were resumed in 75% of respondents by early June, and the number of institutions having increased wastage decreased to 18%. The top 3 considerations for cancelling surgeries included: intensive care unit beds availability (26%), COVID-19 case load (24%) and blood availability (18%). By the end of April, approximately 84% of respondents indicated the intention to participate in a protocol to obtain CCP, and the vast majority was using theexpanded access protocol to obtain the units, with a minority of institutions using an emergency investigational new drug (eIND) protocol. Approximately 65% of the institutions obtained CCP units through their usual blood supply, 35% from an alternate blood supply and 10% were collecting units. Approximately 46% of the institutions reported at least a 24-hour delay in obtaining CCP units by the end of April, which decreased to 19% by the end of July. Fifty percent of the institutions were testing for COVID-19 antibodies, approximately 75% did not know the antigen target of the antibody testing, and 7% reported using a test that includes neutralizing antibodies. The vast majority (90%) of the institutions were transfusing 1 unit of CCP, and less than 10% were transfusing 2 units over 2 days. The indication for transfusion of CCP units shifted from severely ill patients (48%) during the early period of the pandemic to mildly ill by mid- July (40%), with approximately 20% of the institutions indicating CCP transfusion as a final option. Conclusions: The COVID-10 pandemic resulted in a dynamic balance of blood supply and demand that required strategies to mitigate the risk of shortages and wastage. Although the therapeutic efficacy of CCP is still unknown there is ample use and a continued demand for these units across the country.